In the later Victorian period, issues of safety and sanitation were coming to the forefront of urban planning. New advances were being made in fire-proof construction methods. Public sanitation was becoming a legal issue, based on increased awareness of the relationship between sanitation and health. And in the home, new technologies were changing the very structure of the Victorian home, including... indoor plumbing and indoor toilets!

Domestic Inventions & Sanitation (Illustrated London Almanack, 1850)

New inventions, including ventilation devices for homes and fireplaces, water sanitation and filtering devices, and a patented chimney-sweeping machine.

The Metropolitan Officers of Health (Illustrated London Almanack, 1857)

The role of the newly created General Board of Health.

Sanitary Reform, by James Walker (Cassell's Family Paper, 1860)

Why improved dwellings are needed by the working classes, and the importance of cleanliness to morals.

"Something Wrong with the Gas!" (Leisure Hour, 1868)

On gas leaks and how gas is often wasted, even before it reaches the consumer.

The Sanitary Drainage of Houses and Towns, by George W. Waring Jr. (Atlantic Monthly, 1875)

How to Build Cities of Health (Cassell's Family Magazine, 1877)

On the need to improve light, ventilation, drainage, and water quality in Britain's cities.

The Art of Purifying Houses, by A.A. Strange Butson (Cassell's Family Magazine, 1880)

On the Sanitary Arrangements of the House (Cassell's Family Magazine, 1881)

The Girl's Own Room, by Gordon Stables, M.D., R.N. ("Medicus") (Girl's Own Paper, 1882)

Tips on keeping a room clean and healthy.

Home Construction: Foundations, by George Martin Huss (Century Magazine, 1882A)

Home Construction: Precautions Against Fire, by George Martin Huss (Century Magazine, 1882B)

Home Construction: Sanitation, by Charles F. Wingate (Century Magazine, 1882B)

Sanitary Assurance (Cassell's Family Magazine, 1882)

Issues of household sanitation and health.

The Principles and Practice of House-Drainage, by George E. Waring Jr. (Century Magazine, 1885A)

Fire Prevention, by Charles Barnard (Century Magazine, 1886A)

How fire-fighting and volunteer fire-fighting associations work; new inventions for fire prevention, including the fire-extinguisher, the automatic sprinkler, hand-pumps, and the chemical grenade.

Sanitary Legislation in American Cities (Century Magazine, 1888A)

"The Public Safety is the Supreme Law" (Century Magazine, 1895B)

The enforcement of sanitary laws in cities.

Two Domestic Sanitary Appliances (Girl's Own Paper, 1898)

The dustbin and the filter.

Ventilation and Airing (Girl's Own Paper, 1898)